Roman Rule Leading to the Time of Jesus

Pompey the Great - Change Rome into an Empire - 81-48BC

• Invaded and conquered to Judean Region 63BC
• Began Rome's 700 year rule over area
• Not an Emperor but a stong General
  

Julius Caesar - Dictator until March 15, 44BC

Augustus Caesar - Julius' nephew and heir (Gaius Octavius adopted by JC)

• Ruled with Lepidus and Marc Antony
• Ruled as first Emperor 31-14AD
• Died August 19, 14AD
• 27BC offically named Augustus=revered
• Married Livia who had a son maned Tiberius (step-son)
• Augustus only had a daughter named Julia (lewd and adulterous)

Julia - daughter of Augustus

• 1st Married Marcellus - died
• 2nd Marcus Agrippa - died, sons Caius and Lucius
• 3rd Tiberius - step brother.  Arranged by Augustus for an heir.  He was origianlly married to Vispania and forced to divorce
• Had an affair with a Roman soldier and had a daugher named Claudia

Tiberius - after his death of Caius and Lucius, he became the Emporer 

• Emperor 14-37AD
• Ruled during the trials of Jesus Christ
• Had many killed in paranoria

These ruled Judea and surronding area through govornors and procurators.

Pontius Pilate - 5th Procurator - 26-36AD

• Married Claudia - the illigitimate daughter of Julia Augustus
• wedding gift from Tiberius was the rule of Judea
• Pilate took the temple tax and brought water to Jerusalem
• weak leader

Herod the Great - "Jewish King" of  Judea

• Named King of the Jews by Augustus
• Herod's father was Antipar - Arab sheik from south of Judea
• gave himself the title "The Great"
• married Marianne - daughter of Simon Maccabee - a high priest
• Notable wives - Doris, Mariamne (Mirim), Malthace, Cleopatra, Mariamne II
• Herod aligned with the Maccabees and converted to Judaism
• 20BC began rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem
• Jews hated him because he was a fake
• 10 wives
• killed all Jewish babies under 2yo
• Murdered his own family, 10 wives, 3 sons and mother
• Kingdon was divided among his 3 sons 
• Archelaus - son of Malthace a Samaritan, ruled Judea, Samaria, Idumea 
• Herod Philip II- son of Cleopatra, ruled Gaulanitis, Batanea (Iturea and Trachonitis)
• Herod Antipas - son of Malthace a Samaritan, ruled Galilea and Perea.  When Archelaus died, he wanted Judea.  Pontius Pilate became ruler.  Reason for hatred.
• Philip I - son of Mariamne II, first husband of Herodias, daughter of HTG with Mariam
• Herodias - daughter of Miriam, divorced Philip I and married Herod Antipas, later killed JTB
• Herod Agrippa I - son of Mariam, ruled Judea and Galilee until 44AD.  Killed James
• Herod Agripps II - son of Agrippa II, was a lover with his sister Bernice